Christopher Allen
@ChristopherA
The weekend before #RWOT9 in Prague, another 5 advance reading topic papers on decentralized identity to review.
8/30/2019, 1:29:07 PM
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Christopher Allen
@ChristopherA
The weekend before #RWOT9 in Prague, another 5 advance reading topic papers on decentralized identity to review.
8/30/2019, 1:29:07 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
TOPIC A Web of Credit Framework KEY CONCEPT Trust is contextual—it isn't reliable across different domains. This paper examines a fairly well-known context, that of creditworthyness, from a web-of-trust perspective, to see what we can learn from it. https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot9-prague/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/web-of-credit.md
8/30/2019, 1:34:54 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"“trust” encompasses a range of contexts. Trusting that a key belongs to an entity, evaluating an identity, is different from trusting that entity to sign others’ keys accurately, which is different from trusting it to share objective news online or to babysit your kids."
8/30/2019, 1:36:13 PM
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…"The traditional credit market is limited by the cost of capital and the cost of underwriting…To reduce the cost of underwriting, we envision a WoT that represents credit relationships and functions as a decentralized underwriting platform, operating on top of a blockchain"
8/30/2019, 1:37:22 PM
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…"A WoC (Web-of-Credit) is represented as a typical WoT, a weighted directed graph (V, E, w), where V and E represent the set of nodes and the set of edges, respectively, and w is a weight function on edges…"
8/30/2019, 1:39:18 PM
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@ChristopherA
…"…An edge e=(u,v) ∈ E and its weight w(e) represent the amount of credit u extends to v, and are considered valid only if they are signed by u’s public key."
8/30/2019, 1:40:05 PM
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…"Deciding on how to calculate credit between indirectly connected nodes in a web of credit is crucial in leveraging the graph’s connectivity to defend against Sybil nodes. There is a large literature on crawling social graphs for peer-to-peer Sybil defense"
8/30/2019, 1:40:16 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
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…"WoCs can organically affect and be affected by smart contracts’ logic, yielding “rich” WoCs…a smart contract’s behavior can be conditioned on given users’ contexts; e.g., Alice lets a smart contract govern her lendable funds according to her local view of the WoC."
8/30/2019, 1:41:04 PM
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…"we can easily imagine how credit can flow from a Korean businesswoman to a young student who has joined an Income Share program to cover his studies; or from a Russian financier to a Filipino worker who needs a stream of …loans to bridge the gap between his daily expenses"
8/30/2019, 1:42:33 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…The paper continues with some questions and tradeoffs: passivity vs privacy, inter-hub loans, and more. When I read the end of this paper I think of the Lightning Network but as credit combined with reputation. I look forward to see how this topic advances.
8/30/2019, 1:46:25 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
TOPIC Nodemail KEY CONCEPT This is a proposal for a email-like Self-Sovereign Identity protocol, using DIDs, HD Keys (like BIP32) & distributed content-addressable storage (like IPFS or dat://). https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot9-prague/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/nodemail.md
8/30/2019, 1:49:44 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Nodemail, then, is a system which seeks to create a robust and secure framework that relesases us from our dependence on ossified addresses, and enables us to conceive of communication from the standpoint of networks built on fresh, unique, consensual connections."
8/30/2019, 1:50:39 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"each participant generates a unique hierarchical node for each connection…through which they make ongoing structures of communication, shifting the locus from static, publicly available identities/addresses to unique addresses/identities born through connection with others."
8/30/2019, 1:52:10 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"users…grant & revoke the access others have to communication with them through management of the address which corresponds with each connection…individuals are granted greater control over the correlations others may make about their social networks."
8/30/2019, 1:53:25 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
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…the author would "like to develop a working prototype that provides much of this functionality and am seeking to define the MVP that leverages an existing open source…which would enable individuals to build their own nodemail servers"
8/30/2019, 1:54:59 PM
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…I'd be intrigued if this can be integrated into some of the DID BTCR method work happing at #RWOT9, with the additional benefit that financial bonds can be set at risk in cases of spamming.
8/30/2019, 1:56:15 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
TOPIC VCs in Incentivized Competency Assessment KEY CONCEPT "we propose another possible use case of Verifiable Credentials in education space — competency-based assessment that does not rely on a centralized party." https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot9-prague/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/vc-in-incentivized-competency-assessment.md
8/30/2019, 1:57:55 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"We leverage WoT concept…to create a network of competencies where Experts…act as verifiers to assess user's competency on a given subject. We propose using decentralized staking & slashing mechanism…in order to create financial incentives for users to minimize fraud"
8/30/2019, 2:00:07 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"With…open platforms…billions of people are getting access to free or almost free educational content. As this trend continues, more and more people around the world will be able to acquire same level of education as students from top universities."
8/30/2019, 2:01:19 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Current model of educational credentials issuing is not ideal due to the fact that it only captures the fact of completion of some formal educational program…On the other hand, employers are more interested in applied skills rather than abstract learning"
8/30/2019, 2:02:14 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"In order to preserve properties of decentralization and self-sovereign identity all data in anonymized and public:
Anonymity property ensures no user identifying information can be leaked without explicit permission for user. "
8/30/2019, 2:03:53 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Publicity property ensures track record of any interaction between Student and Expert on the platform, thus gives a proof of competency verification process."
8/30/2019, 2:04:07 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
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…"several possible attacks…Verifiers are not diligent enough in their work…Collusion between Verifier and Student…Watchers not being active in the network. In order to mitigate these threats we propose creating an incentive-based mechanism"
8/30/2019, 2:05:02 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
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…"Model…still relies on centralized model of competencies & rubrics. Ideal network should also feature some sort of DAO-based instruments for community to come up with relevant and up-to-date map of skills and rubrics describing grading criteria &…levels for each competency."
8/30/2019, 2:05:52 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…This is another topic that I'd like to see the BTCR team begin to tackle. Pseudo-anonymous competency is a key requirement in the Amira User Story that is a key guide for the BTCR roadmap.
8/30/2019, 2:08:27 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
TOPIC Using verifiable credentials for German government grants KEY CONCEPT "This paper aims to provide an overview how verified credentials could be implemented to facilitate the application process for German government grants for students." https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot9-prague/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/vcs-for-german-grants.md
8/30/2019, 2:09:28 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"In order to obtain the government grant, every student is required to prove the following:…(non-exhaustive list)…and send them (digitally or analogue) to a local administration. This is not only cumbersome, but also leaves room for errors and fraud."
8/30/2019, 2:10:41 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"As noted in the blockchain position paper from June 2019 Germany aims to build an alternative to the existing identity options based on a government-owned blockchain infrastructure."
8/30/2019, 2:11:21 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…Using Verifiable Credentials for educational claims is one easiest use cases for governments to begin to test the self-sovereign identity architecture. I'm glad to see more work advancing in this area.
8/30/2019, 2:13:23 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
TOPIC What’s in Your Wallet? KEY CONCEPT "This paper frames an initial set of terminology based on current practice & emerging standards. We consider the existing state of the art…evaluating commonalities, differences & gaps in the marketplace." https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot9-prague/blob/master/topics-and-advance-readings/whats-wallet.md
8/30/2019, 2:15:29 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"decentralized software tends to suffer from limited capability as vendors ship…(MVPs) in the battle to establish a defendable role for themselves in the ecosystem. To date no credential wallet offers a seamless, interoperable experience across all digital asset classes."
8/30/2019, 2:17:40 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Eventually, digital wallets will settle into a handful of common approaches. As the industry matures, patterns of capability and architecture will emerge, solving real problems in understandable ways."
8/30/2019, 2:18:18 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Darrell O’Donnell…defines wallets as “where we put stuff”…After that colloquial definition, he clarifies that what he means by digital wallet is not “digital wallet storage”. We agree. It’s not where you store stuff, it’s where you control it."
8/30/2019, 2:19:35 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"wallets for credentials have historically managed keys…to meet the requirements of issuers and relying parties…subject typically is uninvolved with key management. In contrast, decentralized approaches take a lesson from cryptocurrencies, using keys created…by the end user"
8/30/2019, 2:21:32 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"This innovation, and the emerging standards based on it, democratized credential management, allowing anyone to verifiably say anything about anyone else without censure or permission. Unfortunately, it also created two new problems."
8/30/2019, 2:22:12 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"The first is that individuals lack the sophisticated IT departments needed to build, operate, and maintain robust key management systems and processes…The second is that the issuers themselves are no longer vetted by a hierarchy of trusted authorities."
8/30/2019, 2:22:46 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"From this initial analysis, we can already identify components that are vital, but are not yet accurately depicted. For example, in the identity component diagram above, we have “Agents” floating untethered."
8/30/2019, 2:24:49 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"It is worth noting that because wallets are control mechanisms, it matters just as much how individuals control the functionality as how the wallets implement those controls. "
8/30/2019, 2:25:28 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"Many approaches today focus on either key technical features…or on particular components perceived as the “missing link”…What few have done is to illustrate in clear and unambiguous terms exactly how the proposed system will be used by individuals across their lifecycle"
8/30/2019, 2:26:05 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"We believe that only by deeply understanding the human requirements-—independent of the technology choices necessary to operationalize it—can we have some sense of a complete and universal solution."
8/30/2019, 2:26:33 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"One next step in the realization of a truly universal digital wallet is establishing a shared language among those developers, regulators, decision-makers, and end-users co-inventing the emergent decentralized identity layer for digital society."
8/30/2019, 2:27:03 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
…"The terms we’ve introduced above—even just with minimalistic boxes and arrows—provide a…framework for distilling a common vocabulary for how different approaches from different schools of thought, which in turn should help us define a common architecture for digital wallets"
8/30/2019, 2:27:39 PM
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linkChristopher Allen
@ChristopherA
That's my 5 for today (though I cheated a little, the last paper was co-authored by myself). About 15 remain to share before #RWOT9 begins on Tuesday in Prague.
8/30/2019, 2:28:48 PM
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